Dandruff is a scalp disorder affecting up to 50% of the world population (Piérard-Franchiment et al., 2006) and tends to affect men more than women. Dandruff is identified by the increased shedding of dead skin cells. These cells show up as white flakes on scalp, shoulders, and hair.
Dandruff causes itchy and flaking skin with mild inflammation (it is a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis). Beside discomfort and bad aspect of scalp, dandruff also has social and psychological impact, affecting self-esteem and confidence (Manuel and Ranganathan, 2001)
A type of fungus called Malassezia is the primary culprit behind dandruff. This fungus naturally resides on the scalp, but its overgrowth leads to inflammation and increased skin cell turnover.
The Connection Between Dandruff and Hair Fall
While there is no direct relation between dandruff & hair loss, it can lead to hair fall due to indirect factors like:
1. Scalp Inflammation:
- Follicle Damage: Prolonged & persistent inflammation damages hair follicles, leading to weaker hair and increased hair fall.
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Disrupted Hair Growth Cycle: Inflammation intervenes with normal hair growth cycle, causing hair to enter the resting phase prematurely.
2. Itchiness and Scratching:
- Physical Damage: Excessive scratching for a continued period of time damages follicles, leading to breakage and hair loss.
- Infection Risk: Scratching introduces bacteria and other microorganisms into the scalp, further aggravating the infected scalp.
3. Hair Follicle Blockage:
- Sebum Buildup: Dandruff leads to increased sebum secretion, which clogs hair follicles and prevents hair growth.
Types of Dandruff
1. Dry Dandruff: This type of Dandruff is associated with small, white flakes, it's often caused by dry skin or irregular shampooing.2. Greasy Dandruff: This is mainly related to oily scalp and identified by larger, yellowish flakes. Too much sebum on the scalp is the major reason for it.
3.Seborrheic Dermatitis: It’s a severe type of dandruff in which dandruff occurs on other parts of the body like face & chest.
Factors Contributing to Dandruff
- Malassezia Fur Fur: An overgrowth of this fungus is the main reason for occurrence & recurrence of Dandruff.
- Dry Skin: Lack of moisture can lead to increased flaking.
- Oily Skin: Excessive sebum production creates a favourable condition for fungal growth.
- Certain Skin Conditions: Medical conditions like psoriasis and eczema can contribute to dandruff-like symptoms.
- Stress: Stress causes disturbance in the hormonal balance which leads to increase in sebum production thus making dandruff and hair fall worse.
- Poor Diet: A lack of essential nutrients can affect scalp health.
- Harsh Hair Products: Anti-dandruff products with Zinc Pyrithione (ZPTO), Ketoconazole, Climbazole, SLS/SLES etc.
How to Combat Dandruff and Prevent Hair Fall
1. Regular Shampooing:
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Anti-Dandruff Shampoos: Use gentle & nourishing shampoo formulated using clinically proven actives like Dandrilys, Piroctone Olamine, Salicylic Acid etc.
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Gentle Cleansing: Avoid harsh shampoos that can strip the scalp of natural oils.
- Frequency: Shampoo your hair every 2-3 days, depending on your hair type and scalp condition.
- Limit Heat Styling: Excessive heat styling can damage hair and worsen dandruff.
2. Healthy Diet:
- Nutrient-Rich Foods: Consume a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and protein to promote hair health.
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Hydration: Drink plenty of water to keep your scalp and hair hydrated.
3. Stress Management:
- Relaxation Techniques: Practice stress-reducing techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing
- Adequate Sleep: Ensure you get enough quality sleep to allow your body to repair and rejuvenate.
We know how haunting & nightmarish white flakes showing up on your shoulders can be. This gets even worse when hair starts to fall. By following a holistic approach & staying consistent to your hair care routine, you can definitely tackle these problems. Remember, a well-nourished and cared-for scalp is the foundation of strong, beautiful hair.